• 多Realm配置

    #声明一个realm
    myRealm1=com.github.zhangkaitao.shiro.chapter2.realm.MyRealm1
    myRealm2=com.github.zhangkaitao.shiro.chapter2.realm.MyRealm2
    #指定securityManager的realms实现
    securityManager.realms=$myRealm1,$myRealm2   

1. securityManager会按照realms指定的顺序进行身份认证。此处我们使用显示指定顺序的方式指定了Realm的顺序，如果删除“securityManager.realms=$myRealm1,$myRealm2”，那么securityManager会按照realm声明的顺序进行使用（即无需设置realms属性，其会自动发现），当我们显示指定realm后，其他没有指定realm将被忽略，如“securityManager.realms=$myRealm1”，那么myRealm2不会被自动设置进去

2. 1、变量名=全限定类名会自动创建一个类实例

   2、变量名.属性=值 自动调用相应的setter方法进行赋值

   3、$变量名 引用之前的一个对象实例

• Authenticator及AuthenticationStrategy

1. Authenticator的职责是验证用户帐号，是Shiro API中身份验证核心的入口点：

    public AuthenticationInfo authenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken)
                throws AuthenticationException;   

• SecurityManager接口继承了Authenticator，另外还有一个ModularRealmAuthenticator实现（ModularRealmAuthenticator默认使用AtLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy策略。），其委托给多个Realm进行验证，验证规则通过AuthenticationStrategy接口指定，默认提供的实现：
• FirstSuccessfulStrategy：只要有一个Realm验证成功即可，只返回第一个Realm身份验证成功的认证信息，其他的忽略；
• AtLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy：只要有一个Realm验证成功即可，和FirstSuccessfulStrategy不同，返回所有Realm身份验证成功的认证信息；
• AllSuccessfulStrategy：所有Realm验证成功才算成功，且返回所有Realm身份验证成功的认证信息，如果有一个失败就失败了。

一、案例

• 需求：

  假设我们有三个realm：

  myRealm1： 用户名/密码为zhang/123时成功，且返回身份/凭据为zhang/123；

  myRealm2： 用户名/密码为wang/123时成功，且返回身份/凭据为wang/123；

  myRealm3： 用户名/密码为zhang/123时成功，且返回身份/凭据为zhang@163.com/123，和myRealm1不同的是返回时的身份变了；

• pom.xml依赖省略，可查看前几章
• 配置shiro.ini文件

[main]
#指定securityManager的authenticator实现 
authenticator=org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator
securityManager.authenticator=$authenticator  #指定securityManager.authenticator的authenticationStrategy
allSuccessfulStrategy=org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.FirstSuccessfulStrategy
securityManager.authenticator.authenticationStrategy=$allSuccessfulStrategy  
myRealm1=realms.MyRealm1
myRealm2=realms.MyRealm2
myRealm3=realms.MyRealm3
securityManager.realms=$myRealm1,$myRealm2,$myRealm3  [users]
zhang=123
wang=123

• • 　　认证策略为FirstSuccessfulStrategy ，只要有一个Realm验证成功即可，只返回第一个Realm身份验证成功的认证信息，其他的忽略
• MyRealm1.java

package realms;import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAccount;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;public class MyRealm1 extends AuthorizingRealm{    /**
     * 判断授权的
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }    /**
     * 判断认证的
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        String userName=token.getPrincipal().toString();
        String passWord=new String((char[])token.getCredentials());        if(!userName.equals("zhang")) throw new UnknownAccountException("Realm1 用户名错误");
        if(!passWord.equals("123")) throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("Realm1 密码错误");        return new SimpleAccount(userName, passWord, getName());
    }}

• MyRealm2.java

package realms;import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAccount;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;public class MyRealm2 extends AuthorizingRealm{
    /**
     * 判断授权的
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }    /**
     * 判断认证的
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        String userName=token.getPrincipal().toString();
        String passWord=new String((char[])token.getCredentials());        if(!userName.equals("wang")) throw new UnknownAccountException("Realm2 用户名错误");
        if(!passWord.equals("123")) throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("Realm2 密码错误");        return new SimpleAccount(userName, passWord, getName());
    }}

• MyRealm3.java

package realms;import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAccount;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;public class MyRealm3 extends AuthorizingRealm{
    /**
     * 判断授权的
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }    /**
     * 判断认证的
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        String userName=token.getPrincipal().toString();
        String passWord=new String((char[])token.getCredentials());        if(!userName.equals("zhang")) throw new UnknownAccountException("Realm3 用户名错误");
        if(!passWord.equals("123")) throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("Realm4 密码错误");        return new SimpleAccount("zhang@163.com", passWord, getName());
    }}

• 测试

package test;import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SecurityManager securityManager=new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini").getInstance();
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);        Subject subject=SecurityUtils.getSubject();        AuthenticationToken token=new UsernamePasswordToken("zhang","123");
        try {
            subject.login(token);
            PrincipalCollection ps=subject.getPrincipals();
            System.out.println(ps.asList());            System.out.println(ps.getRealmNames());
            System.out.println(subject.getPrincipal().toString());        } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }catch(IncorrectCredentialsException e){
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }    }
}

• 结果：

因为是FirstSuccessfulStrategy策略，myRealm1认证成功，所以只返回这个Realm的认证信息，其他的省略。

• 修改shiro.ini，认证策略修改为AtLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy ，其他文件均不变

[main]
authenticator=org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator
securityManager.authenticator=$authenticator
atLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy=org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.AtLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy
securityManager.authenticator.authenticationStrategy=$atLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy
myRealm1=realms.MyRealm1
myRealm2=realms.MyRealm2
myRealm3=realms.MyRealm3
securityManager.realms=$myRealm1,$myRealm2,$myRealm3  [users]
zhang=123
wang=123

• 修改shiro.ini，认证策略修改为AllSuccessfulStrategy，其他文件均不变

[main]
authenticator=org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator
securityManager.authenticator=$authenticator
atLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy=org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.AtLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy
securityManager.authenticator.authenticationStrategy=$atLeastOneSuccessfulStrategy
myRealm1=realms.MyRealm1
myRealm2=realms.MyRealm2
myRealm3=realms.MyRealm3
securityManager.realms=$myRealm1,$myRealm2,$myRealm3  [users]
zhang=123
wang=123