Spring Boot开发RESTful接⼝服务及单元测试

常用注解解释说明：

• @Controller ：修饰class，⽤来创建处理http请求的对象
• @RestController ：Spring4之后加⼊的注解，原来在 @Controller 中返回json需要@ResponseBody 来配合，如果直接⽤ @RestController 替代 @Controller 就不需要再配置 @ResponseBody ，默认返回json格式。
• @RequestMapping ：配置url映射

下⾯我们尝试使⽤Spring MVC来实现⼀组对User对象操作的RESTful API，配合注释详细说明在Spring MVC中如何映射HTTP请求、如何传参、如何编写单元测试。

RESTful API具体设计如下：

User实体定义

package com.kingram.springboot.beans;import lombok.Data;@Data
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

接口实现

package com.kingram.springboot.controller;import com.kingram.springboot.beans.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.*;@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/users")
public class UserController {   
    // 创建线程安全的Map   
    private static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());        @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)   
    public List<User> getUserList() {          
        List<User> r = new ArrayList<>(users.values());       
        return r;   
    }        @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.POST)   
    public String postUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {    
        users.put(user.getId(), user);       
        return "success";   
    }        @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)   
    public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { 
        return users.get(id);   
    }        @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)   
    public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @ModelAttribute User user) {  
        User u = users.get(id);       
        u.setName(user.getName());       
        u.setAge(user.getAge());       
        users.put(id, u);       
        return "success";   
    }        @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        users.remove(id);       
        return "success";   
    }
}

测试⽤例

package com.kingram.springboot;import com.kingram.springboot.controller.UserController;import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;@SpringBootTest
@DisplayName("Test UserController")  
public class UserControllerTest {        private MockMvc mvc;        @BeforeEach   
    void setUp() {       
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();   
    }        @Test     
    void testUserController() throws Exception {               RequestBuilder request;               // (1)get查⼀下user列表，应该为空       
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));                // (2)post提交⼀个user       
        request = post("/users/").param("id", "1").param("name", "张三").param("age", "50");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));                //(3)get获取user列表，应该有刚才插⼊的数据       
        request = get("/users/");       
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"张三\",\"age\":50}]")));               // (4)put修改id为1的user       
        request = put("/users/1").param("name", "李四").param("age","30");       
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));                // (5)get⼀个id为1的user       
        request = get("/users/1");       
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"李四\",\"age\":30}")));                // (6)del删除id为1的user       
        request = delete("/users/1");       
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));                // (7)get查⼀下user列表，应该为空       
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));   
    }
}

参考资料

程序猿DD / SpringBoot-Learning