SQL Server的错误消息（Error Message）按照消息的严重级别一共划分25个等级，级别越高，表示严重性也越高。但是如果你统计sys.messages,你会发现，实际上只有16（SQL SERVER 2008/2012）或17个（SQL SERVER 2005）个级别。猜测应该是一些留作扩展用，一些留作用户自定义错误消息的级别。
sys.messages中有个字段is_event_logged，取值为1时表示出现错误时将消息记入事件日志。 对于 message_id 中的所有消息语言，此参数都是相同的。所以也就是说有些错误信息（Error Message）会写入事件日志，有些就不会写入错误日志。因此监控错误日志时，我们只能监控那些写入错误日志的错误信息。一般而言，我们应该监控严重级别在16~25之间的错误信息，另外严重级别14的也应该监控（主要是Error: 18456, Severity: 14）。
监控错误日志有很多方式，下面介绍一种非常简单、有效的监控错误日志的方法.我们可以通过sp_add_alert创建一个警报（Alerts），如下所示，我们创建一个名称为SQL Server Severity Event 14的警报（配置前需要配置邮件、ProfileName，Operators,下面脚本也要根据具体情况调整）。关于创建警报的具体信息，可以参考http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms189531.aspx
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Severity Event 14')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 14'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 14',
@message_id=0,
@severity=14,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 14', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
如下所示，在UAT服务器，我故意用dw账号错误密码登录数据库，一分钟后，我立马回收到一封告警邮件
DATE/TIME: ; 2014/10/28 9:21:42
DESCRIPTION: ; Login failed for user 'dw'. Reason: Password did not match that for the login provided. [CLIENT: 192.xxx.xxx.xxx]
COMMENT: ; (None)
JOB ;RUN: (None)
SQL Server 错误日志
Windows事件日志
我们依次建立16-25级别的告警来监控数据库错误日志的错误信息。如下所示：
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Severity Event 16')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 16'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 16',
@message_id=0,
@severity=16,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 16', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 17')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 17'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 17',
@message_id=0,
@severity=17,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 17', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 18')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 18'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 18',
@message_id=0,
@severity=18,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 18', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 19')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 19'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 19',
@message_id=0,
@severity=19,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 19', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 20')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 20'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 20',
@message_id=0,
@severity=20,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 20', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 21')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 21'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 21',
@message_id=0,
@severity=21,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 21', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 22')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 22'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 22',
@message_id=0,
@severity=22,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 22', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 23')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 23'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 23',
@message_id=0,
@severity=23,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 23', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 23')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 23'
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 23',
@message_id=0,
@severity=23,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 23', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 24')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 24'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 24',
@message_id=0,
@severity=24,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 24', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
USE [msdb]
GO
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE NAME='DBA_MONITORING' AND category_class=2)
BEGIN
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_category
@class=N'ALERT',
@type=N'NONE',
@name=N'DBA_MONITORING' ;
END
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.sysalerts WHERE name = N'SQL Server Severity Event 25')
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 25'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 25',
@message_id=0,
@severity=25,
@enabled=1,
@delay_between_responses=60,
@include_event_description_in=1,
@category_name=N'DBA_MONITORING',
@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'
GO
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_notification @alert_name=N'SQL Server Severity Event 25', @operator_name=N'YourSQLDba_Operator', @notification_method = 1
GO
执行完上面脚本后，就会建立下面几个告警。当数据库的错误日志出现这些级别的错误信息时，就会收到告警邮件。相当的方便、简单、高效。
