本节将在第四节基础上介绍如何实现IdentityServer4从数据库获取User进行验证，并对Claim进行权限设置。
一、新建Web API资源服务，命名为ResourceAPI
（1）新建API项目，用来进行user的身份验证服务。
（2）配置端口为5001
安装Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore包
安装Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer包
安装Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools包
（3）我们在项目添加一个 Entities文件夹。
新建一个User类，存放用户基本信息，其中Claims为一对多的关系。
其中UserId的值是唯一的。
public class User
{
[Key]
[MaxLength()]
public string UserId { get; set; } [MaxLength()]
public string UserName { get; set; } [MaxLength()]
public string Password { get; set; } public bool IsActive { get; set; }//是否可用 public virtual ICollection<Claims> Claims { get; set; }}
新建Claims类
public class Claims
{
[MaxLength()]
public int ClaimsId { get; set; } [MaxLength()]
public string Type { get; set; } [MaxLength()]
public string Value { get; set; } public virtual User User { get; set; } }
继续新建 UserContext.cs
public class UserContext:DbContext
{ public UserContext(DbContextOptions<UserContext> options)
: base(options)
{
}
public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }
public DbSet<Claims> UserClaims { get; set; }
}
（4）修改startup.cs中的ConfigureServices方法，添加SQL Server配置。
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
var connection = "Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=UserAuth;User ID=sa;Password=Pwd";
services.AddDbContext<UserContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connection));
// Add framework services.
services.AddMvc();
}
完成后在程序包管理器控制台运行：Add-Migration InitUserAuth
生成迁移文件。
（5）添加Models文件夹，定义User的model类和Claims的model类。
在Models文件夹中新建User类：
public class User
{
public string UserId { get; set; } public string UserName { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } public bool IsActive { get; set; } public ICollection<Claims> Claims { get; set; } = new HashSet<Claims>();
}
新建Claims类：
public class Claims
{
public Claims(string type,string value)
{
Type = type;
Value = value;
}
public string Type { get; set; }
public string Value { get; set; }
}
做Model和Entity之前的映射。
添加类UserMappers：
public static class UserMappers
{
static UserMappers()
{
Mapper = new MapperConfiguration(cfg => cfg.AddProfile<UserContextProfile>())
.CreateMapper();
}
internal static IMapper Mapper { get; } /// <summary>
/// Maps an entity to a model.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="entity">The entity.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Models.User ToModel(this User entity)
{
return Mapper.Map<Models.User>(entity);
} /// <summary>
/// Maps a model to an entity.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="model">The model.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static User ToEntity(this Models.User model)
{
return Mapper.Map<User>(model);
}
}
类UserContextProfile：
public class UserContextProfile: Profile
{
public UserContextProfile()
{
//entity to model
CreateMap<User, Models.User>(MemberList.Destination)
.ForMember(x => x.Claims, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Claims.Select(x => new Models.Claims(x.Type, x.Value)))); //model to entity
CreateMap<Models.User, User>(MemberList.Source)
.ForMember(x => x.Claims,
opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Claims.Select(x => new Claims { Type = x.Type, Value = x.Value })));
}
}
（6）在startup.cs中添加初始化数据库的方法InitDataBase方法，对User和Claim做级联插入。
public void InitDataBase(IApplicationBuilder app)
{ using (var serviceScope = app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope())
{
serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<Entities.UserContext>().Database.Migrate(); var context = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<Entities.UserContext>();
context.Database.Migrate();
if (!context.Users.Any())
{
User user = new User()
{
UserId = "",
UserName = "zhubingjian",
Password = "",
IsActive = true,
Claims = new List<Claims>
{
new Claims("role","admin")
}
};
context.Users.Add(user.ToEntity());
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
}
（7）在startup.cs中添加InitDataBase方法的引用。
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
InitDataBase(app);
app.UseMvc();
}
运行程序，这时候数据生成数据库UserAuth，表Users中有一条UserName=zhubingjian,Password=123的数据。
二、实现获取User接口，进行身份验证
（1）先对API进行保护，在Startup.cs的ConfigureServices方法中添加：
//protect API
services.AddMvcCore()
.AddAuthorization()
.AddJsonFormatters(); services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:5000";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false; options.ApiName = "api1";
});
并在Configure中，将UseAuthentication身份验证中间件添加到管道中，以便在每次调用主机时自动执行身份验证。
app.UseAuthentication();
（2）接着，实现获取User的接口。
在ValuesController控制中，添加如下代码：
UserContext context;
public ValuesController(UserContext _context)
{
context = _context;
}//只接受role为AuthServer授权服务的请求
[Authorize(Roles = "AuthServer")]
[HttpGet("{userName}/{password}")]
public IActionResult AuthUser(string userName, string password)
{
var res = context.Users.Where(p => p.UserName == userName && p.Password == password)
.Include(p=>p.Claims)
.FirstOrDefault();
return Ok(res.ToModel());
}
好了，资源服务器获取User的接口完成了。
（3）接着回到AuthServer项目，把User改成从数据库进行验证。
找到AccountController控制器，把从内存验证User部分修改成从数据库验证。
主要修改Login方法，代码给出了简要注释：
public async Task<IActionResult> Login(LoginInputModel model, string button)
{
// check if we are in the context of an authorization request
AuthorizationRequest context = await _interaction.GetAuthorizationContextAsync(model.ReturnUrl); // the user clicked the "cancel" button
if (button != "login")
{
if (context != null)
{
// if the user cancels, send a result back into IdentityServer as if they
// denied the consent (even if this client does not require consent).
// this will send back an access denied OIDC error response to the client.
await _interaction.GrantConsentAsync(context, ConsentResponse.Denied); // we can trust model.ReturnUrl since GetAuthorizationContextAsync returned non-null
if (await _clientStore.IsPkceClientAsync(context.ClientId))
{
// if the client is PKCE then we assume it's native, so this change in how to
// return the response is for better UX for the end user.
return View("Redirect", new RedirectViewModel { RedirectUrl = model.ReturnUrl });
} return Redirect(model.ReturnUrl);
}
else
{
// since we don't have a valid context, then we just go back to the home page
return Redirect("~/");
}
} if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
//从数据库获取User并进行验证
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
//已过时
//DiscoveryResponse disco = await DiscoveryClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000");
//TokenClient tokenClient = new TokenClient(disco.TokenEndpoint, "AuthServer", "secret");
//var tokenResponse = await tokenClient.RequestClientCredentialsAsync("api1");
DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://localhost:5000");
var tokenResponse = await client.RequestClientCredentialsTokenAsync(new ClientCredentialsTokenRequest
{
Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
ClientId = "AuthServer",
ClientSecret = "secret",
Scope = "api1"
});
if (tokenResponse.IsError)
throw new Exception(tokenResponse.Error); client.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);
try
{
var response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5001/api/values/" + model.Username + "/" + model.Password);
if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
throw new Exception("Resource server is not working!");
}
else
{
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
User user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(content);
if (user != null)
{
await _events.RaiseAsync(new UserLoginSuccessEvent(user.UserName, user.UserId, user.UserName)); // only set explicit expiration here if user chooses "remember me".
// otherwise we rely upon expiration configured in cookie middleware.
AuthenticationProperties props = null;
if (AccountOptions.AllowRememberLogin && model.RememberLogin)
{
props = new AuthenticationProperties
{
IsPersistent = true,
ExpiresUtc = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.Add(AccountOptions.RememberMeLoginDuration)
};
}; // context.Result = new GrantValidationResult(
//user.SubjectId ?? throw new ArgumentException("Subject ID not set", nameof(user.SubjectId)),
//OidcConstants.AuthenticationMethods.Password, _clock.UtcNow.UtcDateTime,
//user.Claims); // issue authentication cookie with subject ID and username
await HttpContext.SignInAsync(user.UserId, user.UserName, props); if (context != null)
{
if (await _clientStore.IsPkceClientAsync(context.ClientId))
{
// if the client is PKCE then we assume it's native, so this change in how to
// return the response is for better UX for the end user.
return View("Redirect", new RedirectViewModel { RedirectUrl = model.ReturnUrl });
} // we can trust model.ReturnUrl since GetAuthorizationContextAsync returned non-null
return Redirect(model.ReturnUrl);
} // request for a local page
if (Url.IsLocalUrl(model.ReturnUrl))
{
return Redirect(model.ReturnUrl);
}
else if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(model.ReturnUrl))
{
return Redirect("~/");
}
else
{
// user might have clicked on a malicious link - should be logged
throw new Exception("invalid return URL");
}
} await _events.RaiseAsync(new UserLoginFailureEvent(model.Username, "invalid credentials"));
ModelState.AddModelError("", AccountOptions.InvalidCredentialsErrorMessage);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
await _events.RaiseAsync(new UserLoginFailureEvent("Resource server", "is not working!"));
ModelState.AddModelError("", "Resource server is not working");
} } // something went wrong, show form with error
var vm = await BuildLoginViewModelAsync(model);
return View(vm);
}
可以看到，在IdentityServer4更新后，旧版获取tokenResponse的方法已过时，按官网文档的说明，使用新方法。
官网链接：https://identitymodel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/client/token.htm
（4）到这步后，可以把Startup中ConfigureServices方法里面的AddTestUsers去掉了。
运行程序，已经可以从数据进行User验证了。
点击进入About页面时候，出现没有权限提示，我们会发现从数据库获取的User中的Claims不起作用了。
三、使用数据数据自定义Claim
为了让获取的Claims起作用，我们来实现IresourceOwnerPasswordValidator接口和IprofileService接口。
（1）在AuthServer中添加类ResourceOwnerPasswordValidator，继承IresourceOwnerPasswordValidator接口。
public class ResourceOwnerPasswordValidator : IResourceOwnerPasswordValidator
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public ResourceOwnerPasswordValidator(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
public async Task ValidateAsync(ResourceOwnerPasswordValidationContext context)
{
try
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
//已过时
//DiscoveryResponse disco = await DiscoveryClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000");
//TokenClient tokenClient = new TokenClient(disco.TokenEndpoint, "AuthServer", "secret");
//var tokenResponse = await tokenClient.RequestClientCredentialsAsync("api1"); DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://localhost:5000");
var tokenResponse = await client.RequestClientCredentialsTokenAsync(new ClientCredentialsTokenRequest
{
Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
ClientId = "AuthServer",
ClientSecret = "secret",
Scope = "api1"
});
if (tokenResponse.IsError)
throw new Exception(tokenResponse.Error); client.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);
var response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5001/api/values/" + context.UserName + "/" + context.Password);
if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
throw new Exception("Resource server is not working!");
}
else
{
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
User user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(content);
//get your user model from db (by username - in my case its email)
//var user = await _userRepository.FindAsync(context.UserName);
if (user != null)
{
//check if password match - remember to hash password if stored as hash in db
if (user.Password == context.Password)
{
//set the result
context.Result = new GrantValidationResult(
subject: user.UserId.ToString(),
authenticationMethod: "custom",
claims: GetUserClaims(user)); return;
}
context.Result = new GrantValidationResult(TokenRequestErrors.InvalidGrant, "Incorrect password");
return;
}
context.Result = new GrantValidationResult(TokenRequestErrors.InvalidGrant, "User does not exist.");
return;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{ } }
public static Claim[] GetUserClaims(User user)
{
List<Claim> claims = new List<Claim>();
Claim claim;
foreach (var itemClaim in user.Claims)
{
claim = new Claim(itemClaim.Type, itemClaim.Value);
claims.Add(claim);
}
return claims.ToArray();
}
}
（2）ProfileService类实现IprofileService接口：
public class ProfileService : IProfileService
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public ProfileService(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
////services
//private readonly IUserRepository _userRepository; //public ProfileService(IUserRepository userRepository)
//{
// _userRepository = userRepository;
//} //Get user profile date in terms of claims when calling /connect/userinfo
public async Task GetProfileDataAsync(ProfileDataRequestContext context)
{
try
{
//depending on the scope accessing the user data.
var userId = context.Subject.Claims.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Type == "sub");
//获取User_Id
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId?.Value) && long.Parse(userId.Value) > )
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
//已过时
//DiscoveryResponse disco = await DiscoveryClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000");
//TokenClient tokenClient = new TokenClient(disco.TokenEndpoint, "AuthServer", "secret");
//var tokenResponse = await tokenClient.RequestClientCredentialsAsync("api1"); DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://localhost:5000");
var tokenResponse = await client.RequestClientCredentialsTokenAsync(new ClientCredentialsTokenRequest
{
Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
ClientId = "AuthServer",
ClientSecret = "secret",
Scope = "api1"
});
if (tokenResponse.IsError)
throw new Exception(tokenResponse.Error);
client.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken); //根据User_Id获取user
var response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5001/api/values/" + long.Parse(userId.Value));
//get user from db (find user by user id)
//var user = await _userRepository.FindAsync(long.Parse(userId.Value));
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
User user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(content);
// issue the claims for the user
if (user != null)
{
//获取user中的Claims
var claims = GetUserClaims(user);
//context.IssuedClaims = claims.Where(x => context.RequestedClaimTypes.Contains(x.Type)).ToList();
context.IssuedClaims = claims.ToList();
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//log your error
}
} //check if user account is active.
public async Task IsActiveAsync(IsActiveContext context)
{
try
{
var userId = context.Subject.Claims.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Type == "sub"); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId?.Value) && long.Parse(userId.Value) > )
{
//var user = await _userRepository.FindAsync(long.Parse(userId.Value));
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
//已过时
//DiscoveryResponse disco = await DiscoveryClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000");
//TokenClient tokenClient = new TokenClient(disco.TokenEndpoint, "AuthServer", "secret");
//ar tokenResponse = await tokenClient.RequestClientCredentialsAsync("api1"); DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://localhost:5000");
var tokenResponse = await client.RequestClientCredentialsTokenAsync(new ClientCredentialsTokenRequest
{
Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
ClientId = "AuthServer",
ClientSecret = "secret",
Scope = "api1"
});
if (tokenResponse.IsError)
throw new Exception(tokenResponse.Error);
client.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken); //根据User_Id获取user
var response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5001/api/values/" + long.Parse(userId.Value));
//get user from db (find user by user id)
//var user = await _userRepository.FindAsync(long.Parse(userId.Value));
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
User user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(content);
if (user != null)
{
if (user.IsActive)
{
context.IsActive = user.IsActive;
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//handle error logging
}
}
public static Claim[] GetUserClaims(User user)
{
List<Claim> claims = new List<Claim>();
Claim claim;
foreach (var itemClaim in user.Claims)
{
claim = new Claim(itemClaim.Type, itemClaim.Value);
claims.Add(claim);
}
return claims.ToArray();
}
}
（3）发现代码里面需要在ResourceAPI项目的ValuesController控制器中
添加根据UserId获取User的Claims的接口。
Authorize(Roles = "AuthServer")]
[HttpGet("{userId}")]
public ActionResult<string> Get(string userId)
{
var user = context.Users.Where(p => p.UserId == userId)
.Include(p => p.Claims)
.FirstOrDefault();
return Ok(user.ToModel());
}
（4）修改AuthServer中的Config中GetIdentityResources方法，定义从数据获取的Claims为role的信息。
public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
{
var customProfile = new IdentityResource(
name: "mvc.profile",
displayName: "Mvc profile",
claimTypes: new[] { "role" });
return new List<IdentityResource>
{
new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
new IdentityResources.Profile(),
//new IdentityResource("roles","role",new List<string>{ "role"}),
customProfile
};
}
（5）在GetClients中把定义的mvc.profile加到Scope配置
（6）最后记得在Startup的ConfigureServices方法加上
.AddResourceOwnerValidator<ResourceOwnerPasswordValidator>()
.AddProfileService<ProfileService>();
运行后，出现熟悉的About页面（Access Token后面加上去的，源码上有添加方法）
本节介绍的IdentityServer4通过访问接口的形式验证从数据库获取的User信息。当然，也可以写成AuthServer授权服务通过连接数据库进行验证。
另外，授权服务访问资源服务API，用的是ClientCredentials模式（服务与服务之间访问）。
