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技术 2022年11月14日
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在HTTP接口的测试过程中,一般我们会按照如下的步骤进行:

1)测试环境的准备

2)HTTP消息体的构造

3)HTTP消息的发送及断言

如果我们可以拿到项目组的接口文档,并且HTTP后台服务是可以工作的,那我们的接口测试会非常顺利,可以不使用Fiddler工具。

但是,实际情况中,不断的测试前移,需要我们的接口自动化测试用例在编码工作还未完成的情况下,就能准备完成。代码开发完成之后,直接运行自动化用例。

这种情况下,Fiddler工具就能大显身手了。本文介绍两种Fiddler工具的使用场景:

1)在没有接口文档的情况,使用Fiddler抓包,获得HTTP后台接口;

2)在没有HTTP后台服务的情况下,使用Fiddler模拟服务端。

1 移动APP下Fiddler 抓包

为了行文及截图方便,我们使用android模拟器操作,真机的操作步骤一样:

1)让手机和PC在同一个局域网下面,如果PC是笔记本,它们连接同一个wifi网络即可

2)找到PC的IP地址,如下图,运行ipconfig,得到192.168.0.103:

3)在Fiddler工具上点击:Tools->TelerikFiddler Options->connections,在如下的Allow remote computers to connect 的勾打上,记住Fiddler的监听端口8888,稍后会使用上

<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" data-ratio="0.6828828828828829" data-s="300,640" data-src="//pic.ikafan.com/imgp/L3Byb3h5L2h0dHAvbW1iaXoucXBpYy5jbi9tbWJpel9wbmcvV0NUNTVGTTVIZE44dmVFZ0VFb0pVMnpkNTN1YlE1UUhoZ2lia3dxSVVmYzZoM0FJZmlhVWNZM05vMjRWN1JPbDlVQnhKaEo5bVR5cDdSRjlxZmFqc0ExUS82NDA/d3hfZm10PXBuZw==.jpg" data-type="png" data-w="555">

4)打开手机,长按已连接的wifi网络,点击修改网络

<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" data-ratio="1.094412331406551" data-s="300,640" data-src="//pic.ikafan.com/imgp/L3Byb3h5L2h0dHAvbW1iaXoucXBpYy5jbi9tbWJpel9wbmcvV0NUNTVGTTVIZE44dmVFZ0VFb0pVMnpkNTN1YlE1UUhoQ2libVJ1bkpNMm1RaWFvM2ppY0pXR2F2b0VEZUhpYUF3ZG1KaWJHT0hrUU1OOTBNbjlkaFdGeGEwQS82NDA/d3hfZm10PXBuZw==.jpg" data-type="png" data-w="519">

5)在代理上面选择手动,IP填写上面获取的192.168.0.103,端口填写Fiddler的监听端口8888,之后点击保存。

<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" data-ratio="1.7300275482093663" data-s="300,640" data-src="//pic.ikafan.com/imgp/L3Byb3h5L2h0dHAvbW1iaXoucXBpYy5jbi9tbWJpel9wbmcvV0NUNTVGTTVIZE44dmVFZ0VFb0pVMnpkNTN1YlE1UUhIWFNhWGtGdWR2WnB4MkFpYzFrOUJmUkQ0SFlRV0V2bFVaMThpY2d0cEJpY3F4V2xSZ1E1ZHVKbWcvNjQwP3d4X2ZtdD1wbmc=.jpg" data-type="png" data-w="363">

6)此时,我们在手机上面,打开被测试移动APP,在Fiddler上面就可以看到消息体了。以华为应用市场为例:

我们打开华为应用市场,点击我的:

<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" data-ratio="1.6247240618101546" data-s="300,640" data-src="//pic.ikafan.com/imgp/L3Byb3h5L2h0dHAvbW1iaXoucXBpYy5jbi9tbWJpel9wbmcvV0NUNTVGTTVIZE44dmVFZ0VFb0pVMnpkNTN1YlE1UUhBcmNCZ0w5aWMzRFl1OUpHdEdxSjFOT1NSOWtDUkpEd0FQczdNMWNwSVQ4ajNpYzdLUjZMSDBuQS82NDA/d3hfZm10PXBuZw==.jpg" data-type="png" data-w="453">

截取的消息如下:

我们可以清晰的看到通过post接口发送的消息包括headers以及body等,以及响应消息体:

<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" data-ratio="0.36875" data-s="300,640" data-src="//pic.ikafan.com/imgp/L3Byb3h5L2h0dHAvbW1iaXoucXBpYy5jbi9tbWJpel9wbmcvV0NUNTVGTTVIZE44dmVFZ0VFb0pVMnpkNTN1YlE1UUhURkFHMHlhOVRIUUVpYUliemZmZUZ4V0ZPelhnR3I1Q3Vib2ljYkNGdGJDUEtpY0k4ZkRGdnJoeGcvNjQwP3d4X2ZtdD1wbmc=.jpg" data-type="png" data-w="640">

至此,移动APP的前后台抓包大功告成。

2 使用Fiddler模拟服务端

通过Fldder的AutoResponder可以做到模拟服务端。

首先,我们介绍最简单的服务模拟方式,即我们有真实响应的情况下,如何模拟服务端。

1)选中我们需要模拟的消息,也就是第11条:

2)保存该消息的响应消息体,用于我们的桩去回一样的响应:

3)点击模拟功能的入口AutoResponder,选中Enablerules,以及Unmatched requests passthrough:

4)点击添加一条规则,在最下面的响应消息下拉框中,选中find a file,指向我们上面保存的文件

5)这样,一条消息的服务端模拟就完成了。

6)我们使用postman检验一下,响应消息和预期的一样,并且是在我们本机的桩上响应的。

上面的这个例子,我们使用了精确匹配EXACT,是最简单的应用。实际上,很多时候,服务端响应的消息体是需要我们自己去构造的,并且上面的消息匹配方式是精确匹配,应用面偏窄了些,这些再普及一下自动匹配的一些知识:

关于自动匹配,可以使用的有:

前缀为“EXACT:”表示完全匹配(大小写敏感)

无前缀表示基本搜索,表示搜索到字符串就匹配

前缀为“REGEX:”表示使用正则表达式匹配

前缀为“REGEX:(?insx)”表示匹配方式其中:

  • i表示不区分大小写;

  • n表示指定的唯一有效的捕获是显式命名或编号的形式;

  • s表示单行模式;

  • x表示空格说明的;

时间关系,今天的分享就到这里,后续继续给大家写一些经验总结。

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