[Hihocoder 1289] 403 Forbidden (微软2016校园招聘4月在线笔试)

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#1289 : 403 Forbidden

时间限制:10000ms单点时限:1000ms内存限制:256MB

描述

Little Hi runs a web server. Sometimes he has to deny access from a certain set of malicious IP addresses while his friends are still allow to access his server. To do this he writes N rules in the configuration file which look like:

allow 1.2.3.4/30
deny 1.1.1.1
allow 127.0.0.1
allow 123.234.12.23/3
deny 0.0.0.0/0

Each rule is in the form: allow | deny address or allow | deny address/mask.

When there comes a request, the rules are checked in sequence until the first match is found. If no rule is matched the request will be allowed. Rule and request are matched if the request address is the same as the rule address or they share the same first mask digits when both written as 32bit binary number.

For example IP “1.2.3.4” matches rule “allow 1.2.3.4” because the addresses are the same. And IP “128.127.8.125” matches rule “deny 128.127.4.100/20” because 10000000011111110000010001100100 (128.127.4.100 as binary number) shares the first 20 (mask) digits with 10000000011111110000100001111101 (128.127.8.125 as binary number).

Now comes M access requests. Given their IP addresses, your task is to find out which ones are allowed and which ones are denied.

输入

Line 1: two integers N and M.

Line 2-N+1: one rule on each line.

Line N+2-N+M+1: one IP address on each line.

All addresses are IPv4 addresses(0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255). 0 <= mask <= 32.

For 40% of the data: 1 <= N, M <= 1000.

For 100% of the data: 1 <= N, M <= 100000.

输出

For each request output “YES” or “NO” according to whether it is allowed.

样例输入

5 5
allow 1.2.3.4/30
deny 1.1.1.1
allow 127.0.0.1
allow 123.234.12.23/3
deny 0.0.0.0/0
1.2.3.4
1.2.3.5
1.1.1.1
100.100.100.100
219.142.53.100

样例输出

YES
YES
NO
YES
NO

题解转自：

http://blog.csdn.net/zqh_1991/article/details/51103367

以及

http://paste.ubuntu.net/15664623/  田神的代码

题解：N最大100000，暴力(n^2)算法必然超时。想到用字典树做。IP转化为32位二进制数，需用Long long型变量！注意题中要求返回第一个匹配的状态，每个节点有一个Index记录该节点是第几个匹配ip。注意mask为0的情况。

note:

1)注意题中要求返回第一个匹配的状态，每个节点有一个id[i]记录该节点是第几个匹配ip。

2)对于allow和deny两种状态，不需要建2颗字典树，用end[i]区分allow和deny即可。

3)ip会超int，要用long long

4)可以用位运算，获取ip的每一位数字

 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 #include <cstring> int const N = 4e6;
 #define ll long long
 #define inf 0x3ffffff using namespace std; struct Trie
 {
     int root,tot;
     int next[N][];  //下一个节点编号
     int end[N]; //0表示末尾为deny
     int id[N]; //第几个ip
     int NewNode()
     {
         memset(next[tot],-,sizeof(next[tot]));
         end[tot] = -;id[tot] = -;
         return tot++;
     }
     void ini()
     {
         memset(id,-,sizeof(id));
         tot = ;
         root = NewNode();
     }
     void insert(ll x,int mask,int end_tmp,int id_tmp) //mask，匹配位数
     {
         int p = root;
         ll cnt = 1LL << ;
         for(int i = ;i < mask;i++){
             int digit;
             if( (x & cnt) == cnt ) digit = ;
             else digit = ;
             if(next[p][digit] == -){
                 next[p][digit] = NewNode();
             }
             p = next[p][digit];
             cnt>>=;
         }
         if(id[p] == -){     //要判断，防止被后面的 rule替换了
             id[p] = id_tmp;
             end[p] = end_tmp;
         }
     }
     int search(ll x)
     {
         int p = root;
         int res_id = inf;
         int res_end = -;
         ll cnt = 1LL << ;
         if(id[p] != -){
             res_id = id[p];
             res_end = end[p];
         }
         for(int i = ;i < ;i++){
             int digit;
             if( (x & cnt) == cnt ) digit = ;
             else digit = ;
             if(next[p][digit] == -){
                 break;
             }
             p = next[p][digit];
             if(id[p] != - && id[p] < res_id){        //要判断，选取最小的id
                 res_id = id[p];
                 res_end = end[p];
             }
             cnt>>=;
         }
         return res_end;
     }
 }tr; char s[]; int main()
 {
     int n,m;
     //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
     tr.ini();
     int a1, a2, a3, a4;
     char ch;
     ll x;
     int mask;
     scanf("%d %d", &n, &m);
     int tmp_end;
     for(int i = ; i <= n; i++)
     {
         scanf("%s %d.%d.%d.%d", s, &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4);
         mask = ;
         if(strcmp(s,"allow")==) tmp_end = ;
         else tmp_end = ;
         scanf("%c", &ch);
         int flag = (ch == '/');
         if(flag)
             scanf("%d", &mask);
         x = (a1 << ) + (a2 << ) + (a3 << ) + a4;
         tr.insert(x,mask,tmp_end,i);
     }
     while(m --)
     {
         scanf("%d.%d.%d.%d", &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4);
         x = (a1 << ) + (a2 << ) + (a3 << ) + a4;
         printf("%s\n", tr.search(x) ? "YES" : "NO");
     } }