CentOS7 +vsftpd （一）之 匿名
ftp的搭建是一个基础性的工作，CentOS7 +vsftpd 是一个比较容易实现的平台，但在搭建中问题会不少，本系列将通过四篇随笔与大家分享。
一、CentOS7
1、实验环境为：VMware Workstation Pro +CentOS 7 64位最小化安装（略）（网络采用桥接方式）。
2、安装完后，网络设置（如果未能启用网络，请采用以下步骤）
[root@localhost pub]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.21 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 <======================未启用网络设备，没有这些IP，请执行 ifup ens33
inet6 fe80::ccbe:f76:f63f:8270 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:09:37:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4721 bytes 426895 (416.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 3090 bytes 384658 (375.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost pub]# ifup ens33 <=======================ens33 你的网络设备名，
3、安装工具 VIM
yum install -y vim
4、设置静态IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 <=======================ens33 你的网络设备名
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=4c9cac13-3d1d-451a-88ba-91aaddfa09d5
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes <=======================开机启动
BOOTPROTO=static <=================静态IP方式
IPADDR=192.168.1.21 <================IP
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 <=================子网掩码
DNS1=192.168.1.1 <=================DNS1
DNS2=114.114.114.114 <=============DNS2
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 <=============网关
5、测试网络
[root@localhost pub]# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (123.125.114.144) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=46.7 ms
64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=48.8 ms
64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=3 ttl=52 time=46.6 ms
64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=5 ttl=52 time=40.8 ms
64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=6 ttl=52 time=40.9 ms
^C
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 5 received, 16% packet loss, time 5023ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 40.880/44.798/48.869/3.288 ms
二、vsftp 安装
1、服务器上安装，并测试
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vsftpd[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status vsftpd
● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu -- :: EDT; 50s ago
Main PID: (vsftpd)
CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
└─ /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.confOct :: localhost.localdomain systemd[]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
Oct :: localhost.localdomain systemd[]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y ftp[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.1.21
Connected to 192.168.1.21 (192.168.1.21).
(vsFTPd 3.0.)
Name (192.168.1.21:root): anonymous
Please specify the password.
Password:
Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
Entering Passive Mode (,,,,,).
Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x Aug : pub
Directory send OK.
ftp> quit
Goodbye.
2、进阶设置
通过第一步的安装，说明vsftpd已在服务器上运行，并能在服务器上访问，下面的设置是为了能从网络上访问a、防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=ftp --permanent[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
b、匿名用户权限
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
[root@localhost vsftpd]# ls
ftpusers user_list vsftpd.conf vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
[root@localhost vsftpd]# cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf_`date +%F`
[root@localhost vsftpd]# ls
ftpusers vsftpd.conf vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
user_list vsftpd.conf_2017-10-05[root@localhost vsftpd]# mkdir /www
[root@localhost vsftpd]# mkdir /www/ftp
[root@localhost vsftpd]# mkdir /www/ftp/pub
[root@localhost vsftpd]# mkdir /www/ftp/pub/upload[root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 777 /www/ftp/pub/upload <================匿名用户口的上传目录
[root@localhost pub]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf <================修改这个配置文件 内容如下
[root@localhost pub]# grep -Ev '(^#\s.*|^#|^$)' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_root=/www/ftp/pub
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
anon_upload_enable=YES
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_std_format=YES
listen=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
c、SElinux设置
550错误是vsftpd最为常见的错误，多是由SElinux设置、vsftpd.conf和FTP目录权限引起，这三者搞清楚，vsftpd设置起来就很容易，如出错重点也是检查这三处
[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftpd <====================最小化安装Selinux 级别为 1 即 ===>Current mode: enforcing
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
[root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access on <========================开启ftpd全部存取权限#========================================如果以上仍然不行，可用 setenforce 0 临时下调 Selinux 级别 0 相当于关闭Selinux =====可能确定故障点 ==[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 1 <====================重新开启Selinux
[root@localhost pub]# systemctl restart vsftpd
三、关键
1、防火墙
2、FTP目录权限
3、vsftpd.conf设置 参见 http://yuanbin.blog.51cto.com/363003/108262/
4、Selinux级别与开关
